With critical bolts (like engine connecting rods) there should be no guesswork—refer to a detailed shop manual. But for other fasteners (handlebars, axle nuts, switches) here are some general guidelines. Note that these are for the bolt-shaft diameter, not the measurement across the flats on the bolt head.
General Guidelines For Using A Torque Wrench
Tip #232 from the pages of The Total Motorcycling Manual

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